Cybercrime refers to unlawful activities that utilize computers, networks, or digital devices as instruments, targets, or both. It can impact individuals, businesses, and even governmental entities, encompassing a broad spectrum of types, ranging from financial fraud to cyberterrorism.

Common types of cybercrime include:

Phishing: Cybercriminals send deceptive emails, text messages (smishing), or phone calls (vishing) that seem to originate from a credible source, such as a financial institution or a government body. Their objective is to deceive individuals into disclosing sensitive information, including passwords, credit card details, or login credentials.

Malware: This refers to harmful software intended to inflict damage or gain unauthorized access to a computer or network. Common varieties include:

Ransomware: This type encrypts a victim’s files and demands a ransom for restoring access.

Viruses: These attach themselves to other software and replicate, causing damage or modification to files.

Trojans: These masquerade as legitimate software to mislead users and establish a backdoor for criminals.

Identity theft: This occurs when a cybercriminal appropriates and misuses personal information, such as Social Security numbers, banking information, or passwords, to perpetrate fraud.

Online fraud: This encompasses a range of deceptive practices aimed at defrauding victims of money or assets. Common instances include online job scams, counterfeit shopping websites, and investment fraud. 

Hacking: The act of illegally obtaining unauthorized access to computer systems or networks with the intent to steal data, disrupt services, or manipulate information.

Cyberstalking and cyberbullying: The use of digital platforms such as social media or email to harass, intimidate, or threaten individuals.

Who are cybercriminals?

Cybercriminals may be individuals, organized groups, or even actors sponsored by the state.

Some may be novice hackers, while others possess advanced skills as professionals.

The “Dark Web” contains marketplaces where cybercriminals can trade stolen data and malicious tools.

Not all hackers engage in criminal activities; some are “white hat” hackers who identify vulnerabilities to enhance security.

Protecting yourself from cybercrime

Individuals can implement several measures to safeguard themselves: Utilize strong, unique passwords for each online account.

Activate multi-factor authentication (MFA) to provide an additional layer of security.

Ensure that your software and operating systems are regularly updated to defend against vulnerabilities.

Exercise caution with suspicious emails, links, and attachments, particularly from unknown sources.

Consistently back up your data to guarantee recovery in the event of a ransomware attack.

Reporting cybercrime

If you find yourself a victim of cybercrime, it is essential to respond promptly. Report the incident to the relevant authorities, such as the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) in the United States, Action Fraud in the United Kingdom, or the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal in India.